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Debate with Welch During Senate Trials
December 2, 1967
Joseph McCarthy

Welch:
Mr. Cohn, what is the exact number of Communists or subversives that are loose today in these defense plants?

Cohn:
The exact number that is loose, sir?

Welch:
Yes, sir.

Cohn:
I don't know.

Welch:
Roughly, how many?

Cohn:
I can only tell you, sir, what we know about.

Welch:
Well, that's 130?  Is that right?

Cohn:
Yes, sir, I'm going to try to particularize for you, if I can.

Welch:
I'm in a hurry.  I don't want the sun to go down while they're still in there if we can get them out.

Cohn:
I'm afraid we won't be able to work that fast.

Welch:
Well, I've got a suggestion about it, sir.  How many are there?

Cohn:
I believe the figure is approximately 130.

Welch:
Approximately one-three-o?

Cohn:
Those are people, Mr. Welch--

Welch:
I don't care.  You've told us who they are.  And how many plants are there?

Cohn:
How many plants?

Welch:
How many plants?

Cohn:
Yes, sir.  Just one minute, sir.  I see sixteen offhand.

Welch:
Sixteen plants.  Are you alarmed at that situation, .  MrCohn?

Cohn:
Yes, sir, I am.

Welch:
Nothing could be more alarming, could it?

Cohn:
It's certainly a very alarming thing.

Welch:
Will you not, before the sun goes down, give those names to the FBI and at least have those men put under surveillance?

Cohn:
Sir, if there is need for surveillance in case of espionage or anything like that, I can well assure you, Mr. John Edgar Hoover and his men know a lot better than I, and I might respectfully suggest, sir, than probably a lot of us, just who should be put under surveillance.  I do not purpose to tell the FBI how to run its job.

Welch:
And they do it.  And they do it, don't they Mr. Cohn?

Cohn:
When the need arises, of course.

Welch:
Then they've got the whole 130 have they, Mr. Cohn?

Cohn:
I am sure of it, sir, and a lot more.

Welch:
Then what's all the excitement about, if J. Edgar Hoover is on the job, chasing those 130 Communists.

Cohn:
Mr. Welch, all the excitement?

McCarthy:
Mr. Chairman, in view of...

Chairman Karl Mundt (R-SD):
Do you have a point of order?

McCarthy:
Uh--not exactly, Mr. Chairman, but in view of Mr. Welch's request that the information be given once we know of anyone who might be performing any work for the Communist Party, I think we should tell him that he has in his law firm a young man named Fisher whom he recommended, incidentally, to do the work on this Committee, who has been, for a number of years, a member of an organization which is named, oh, years and years ago, as the legal bulwark of the Communist Party, an organization which always springs to the defense of anyone who dares to expose Communists.
Knowing that, Mr. Welch, I just felt that I had a duty to respond to your urgent request that, "before sundown," that if we know of anyone serving the Communist cause we let the agency know.  We're now letting you know your man did belong to this organization for either three or four years.  Belong to it long after he was out of law school.  And I have hesitated bringing that up, but I have been rather bored with your phony requests to Mr. Cohn here, that he personally get every Communist out of Government before sundown.
Whether you knew that he was a member of that Communist organization or not, I don't know.  I assume you did not, Mr. Welch, because I get the impression that while you are quite an actor, you play for a laugh, I don't think you have any conception of the danger of the Communist Party.  I don't think you, yourself would ever knowingly aid the Communist cause.  I think you're unknowingly aiding with it when you try to burlesque this hearing in which we're attempting to bring out the facts.

Welch:
Mr. Chairman....

Mundt:
The Chair may say that he has no recognition or no memory of Mr. Welch recommending either Mr. Fisher or anybody else as counsel for this Committee.

McCarthy:
I refer to the record, Mr. Chairman, on the, to the news story on that.

Welch:
Mr. Chairman.  Under the circumstances, I must myself have something approaching a personal privilege.

Mundt:
You may have--

Welch:
Senator McCarthy, I did not know, Senator -- Senator, sometimes you say may I have your attention --

McCarthy:
I'm listening.

Welch:
May I have your attention?

McCarthy:
I can listen with one ear. 

Welch:
No, this time, sir, I want you to listen with both.  Senator McCarthy, I think until this moment--

McCarthy:
--Good.  Just a minute.  Jim, Jim, will you get the news story to the effect that this man belongs to the--to this Communist front organization...

Welch:
I will tell you that he belonged to it.

McCarthy:
Jim, will you get the citation, one of the citations showing that this was the legal arm of the Communist Party, and the length of time that he belonged, and the fact that he was recommended by Mr. Welch.

Welch:
Senator, you won't need anything in the record when I finish telling you this.  Until this moment, Senator, I think I never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness.
Fred Fisher is a young man who went to the Harvard Law School and came into my firm and is starting what looks to be a brilliant career with us.  When I decided to work for this Committee, I asked Jim St.Clair, who sits on my right, to be my first assistant.  I said to Jim, "Pick somebody in the firm to work under you that you would like." He chose Fred Fisher, and they came down on an afternoon plane.
That night, when we had taken a little stab at trying to see what the case was about, Fred Fisher and Jim St. Clair and I went to dinner together.  I then said to these two young men, "Boys, I don't know anything about you, except I've always liked you, but if there's anything funny in the life of either one of you that would hurt anybody in this case, you speak up quick."
And Fred Fisher said, "Mr. Welch, when I was in the law school, and for a period of months after, I belonged to the Lawyers' Guild," as you have suggested, Senator.
He went on to say, "I am Secretary of the Young Republican's League in Newton with the son of [the] Massachusetts governor, and I have the respect and admiration of my community, and I'm sure I have the respect and admiration of the twenty-five lawyers or so in Hale & Dorr."
And I said, "Fred I just don't think I'm going to ask you to work on the case.  If I do, one of these days that will come out, and go over national television and it will just hurt like the dickens." And so, Senator, I asked him to go back to Boston. 
Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad...
It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bear a scar needlessly inflicted by you.  If it were in my power to forgive you for your reckless cruelty, I would do so. 
I like to think I'm a gentle man, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me.

McCarthy:
Mr. Chairman, may I say that Mr. Welch talks about this being cruel and reckless.  He was just baiting.  He has been baiting Mr. Cohn here for hours, requesting that Mr. Cohn before sundown get out of any department of the government anyone who is serving the Communist cause. 
Now, I just give this man's record and I want to say, Mr. Welch, that it had been labeled long before he became a member, as early as 1944--

Welch:
Senator, may we not drop this?  We know he belonged to the Lawyers' Guild.  And Mr. Cohn nods his head at me.  I did you, I think, no personal injury, Mr. Cohn?

Cohn:
No, sir.

Welch:
I meant to do you no personal injury, and if I did, I beg your pardon.  Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator.  You've done enough. 
Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last?  Have you left no sense of decency?

McCarthy:
I know this hurts you, Mr. Welch.

Welch:
I'll say it hurts.

McCarthy:
Mr. Chairman, as point of personal privilege, I'd like to finish this.

Welch:
Senator, I think it hurts you, too, sir.

McCarthy:
I'd like to finish this.  I know Mr. Cohn would rather not have me go into this, I intend to, however, and Mr. Welch talks about any sense of decency....
I have heard you and everyone else talk so much about laying the truth upon the table.  But when I heard--the completely phony--Mr. Welch, I've been listening now for a long time, saying, now before sundown you must get these people out of government.
So I just want you to have it very clear, very clear that you were not so serious about that when you tried to recommend this man for this Committee.

Welch:
Mr. McCarthy, I will not discuss this further with you.  You have sat within six feet of me and could ask, could have asked me about Fred Fisher.  You have seen fit to bring it out, and, if there is a God in heaven, it will do neither you nor your cause any good.  I will not discuss it further.  I will not ask, Mr. Chairman, for any more witnesses.
You, Mr. Chairman, may, if you will, call the next witness.